Convection cells occur due to that fact that the earth is heated differentially. At the poles, sunlight shines at an angle and is spread out over a much larger area. This creates a high pressure area of colder, denser air. As the cold air sinks, it becomes even colder. It moves away from the poles to low pressure areas with warmer, less dense air. This warm air is pushed up by the buoyant force of the colder denser air. As the warm air rises, it cools, and the convection cell recycles itself, over and over again.
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