a hydrocarbon molecule is basically a carbon chain with hydrogens attached to it. alkanes contain ALL single bonds connecting the carbons, alkenes have at least one double bond, and alkynes are the ones that the question asks you for... a carbon chain containing at least one triple bond!
second question, a methyl group attached to a chain means CH3. tri means 3... so a trimethyl is telling you that there are 3 methyls - that is 3 carbons. pentane means 5 single bonded carbons attached in a chain. so in the entire molecule in the question, there are a total of 8 carbons! pentane is the main chain containing 5 carbons, and there is one methyl group on carbon number 2 and 2 methyl groups on carbon number 3.
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