In general (genetic considerations aside) your body and its muscles will adapt to the stress put on it. A long distance runner has smaller, longer muscle fibres. They are ideal for the exercise he does. Short term, anaerobic movements on the other hand lead to bulkier muscles.
Now, if your calves are big because of fat, then you have a problem. Since fat cannot be spot reduced, you are limited to losing weight overall. A general body fat reduction is the only way to hope to get those stubborn fat stores. That involves clean diet, a calorie deficit, and exercise in general (cardio, full body routines, etc.).
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