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I do not understand how to tell what IMFs are present in molecules. Would anyone be able to help? I need to know IMFs for acetone, butanone, 3-pentanone, and 2-heptanone. Thank you so much! (link)
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IMF are intramolecular forces: they are the forces between a chemical bond, why that specific chemical bond is being held together. they are dipole dipole, hydrogen bond and ion dispersion bonds
Acetone: (CH3)2CO The intermolecular forces acting on two atoms of Acetone would be London Dispersion Forces and Dipole-Dipole (bc of the oxygen) Forces. This is because the atom has only side that is more positively charged than the other causing the Dipole-Dipole attraction. and van der waals
Butanone: strongest intermolecular interaction is hydrogen bonding, gives relatively high boiling point
3-pentanone is a ketone with the oxygen in the middle of the molecule. so, for the most part, this would have london dispersion forces and slight dipole-dipole interactions from the oxygen atom but only slight because the O is in the middle of the chain and has a C2H5 on both sides potentially blocking any intermolecular forces from the O atom.
2-heptanone: also the same as acetone bc of the oxygen bond it exhibits so it has dipole-dipole attractions, van der wallsand london forces.
they all exhibit van der waals bc it is the weakest attraction found everywhere.
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